Eeg And Sleep Physiology Ppt __exclusive__ May 2026

Presentation Title: The Electroencephalogram and the Architecture of Sleep

• Spectral analysis (FFT): Power in delta, theta, alpha, sigma (spindle), beta bands.
• Slow wave activity (SWA, 0.5-4 Hz): Biomarker of sleep homeostasis (declines across night).
• Coherence & connectivity: Altered in depression, schizophrenia during sleep.
• Microsleep detection: Automatic algorithms for drowsy driving. Visual: Spectrogram (frequency x time) showing SWA decline overnight; topographical scalp maps of delta power.

1. Understand the neurophysiological basis of the EEG signal.
2. Identify and differentiate the four primary EEG waveforms (Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta).
3. Define the staging of sleep (NREM vs. REM) based on EEG, EOG, and EMG criteria (AASM guidelines).
4. Describe the architecture of a typical sleep cycle (Ultradian rhythm).

• Slower waves.
• Seen in drowsiness, light sleep, and deep meditation.

Physiology:

• Locus coeruleus (NE), Raphe nuclei (5-HT), Tuberomammillary nucleus (Histamine), Basal forebrain (ACh), Hypocretin (Orexin) from lateral hypothalamus.

• N1 → N2 → N3 (SWS) → back to N2 → REM → repeat.

EEG During Sleep