Astm D95 Pdf [4K]
is the international standard for determining water content in petroleum products, tars, and other bituminous materials through a distillation method 分析测试百科网 Core Function & Scope
- Sample preparation: A representative sample of crude oil is taken from the shipment or storage tank.
- Centrifuge preparation: A centrifuge tube is filled with the crude oil sample, and a solvent (usually a mixture of toluene and isopropanol) is added to help dissolve the oil and facilitate separation of water and sediment.
- Centrifugation: The centrifuge tube is then spun at a specified speed (typically 3,000 rpm) for a set period (usually 10-15 minutes).
- Measurement: After centrifugation, the volume of water and sediment is measured directly from the centrifuge tube.
- Distillation flask and heating mantle or bath.
- Dean–Stark type or equivalent water trap/receiver calibrated in milliliters (or a graduated receiver appropriate for expected water volumes).
- Condenser and necessary glassware for a closed distillation setup.
- Solvents: a high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon solvent (e.g., xylene or a specified reflux solvent) to promote azeotrope formation and separation—exact solvent options/requirements depend on product being tested and any updates in the standard.
- Drying oven/balance for sample mass if reported by mass.
Q: What is the purpose of ASTM D95? A: The purpose of ASTM D95 is to determine the water and sediment content in crude oil using a centrifuge. Astm D95 Pdf
ASTM D95 Water Content | PDF | Petroleum | Distillation - Scribd is the international standard for determining water content
The ASTM D95 PDF provides strict guidelines for accuracy and precision: Sample preparation : A representative sample of crude
The water content determined by this test method is used to correct the volume or mass of the material involved in purchase, sale, and transfer transactions. In refining operations, knowledge of water content is vital for designing dehydration processes. For lubricating oils and greases, excess water can promote corrosion and alter the viscosity, making this test a critical quality control checkpoint.
Alternatives and complementary methods
The genius of the method lies in the density difference between the two liquids. Because water is denser than the solvent, it settles at the bottom of the receiver, while the solvent flows back into the distillation flask. By measuring the volume of water collected at the bottom of the trap, technicians can calculate the exact percentage of water in the original sample.
